Coagulation and Flocculation: Ferrous Sulphate Heptahydrate is widely used in water treatment as a coagulant and flocculant. When added to water, it undergoes hydrolysis, forming positively charged iron hydroxide complexes. These complexes then neutralize the negative charges on suspended particles, such as clay, organic matter, and other contaminants. As a result, the particles coagulate, forming larger aggregates that can be easily removed through sedimentation or filtration processes.

pH Adjustment: Maintaining the pH level of water within an optimal range is crucial for effective water treatment processes. Ferrous Sulphate Heptahydrate is employed to adjust the pH of water, particularly in acidic conditions. It acts as a pH buffer, helping to neutralize acidity and create a more suitable environment for subsequent treatment steps, such as disinfection or chemical precipitation.

Algae and Cyanobacteria Control: In water bodies used as sources for drinking water or industrial processes, algae and cyanobacteria growth can pose significant challenges. Ferrous Sulphate Heptahydrate is utilized for algae and cyanobacteria control due to its ability to inhibit their growth. By reducing the availability of nutrients like phosphorus, which are essential for algal proliferation, it helps prevent the formation of algal blooms and cyanobacterial scums, thereby improving water quality.

Heavy Metal Removal: Water from mining operations, industrial processes, or natural sources may contain elevated levels of heavy metals, posing risks to human health and the environment. Ferrous Sulphate Heptahydrate is effective in removing heavy metals through precipitation reactions. It reacts with dissolved metal ions, forming insoluble metal hydroxides or sulfides, which can be easily separated from the water through sedimentation or filtration.

Odor Control: Some water sources may contain foul odors due to the presence of sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide. Ferrous Sulphate Heptahydrate can help control odors by reacting with sulfides to form insoluble iron sulfide precipitates. This reaction reduces the concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas, thereby minimizing odor nuisance and improving the aesthetic quality of the treated water.